--- title: "Union membership by state (data) | Probative Growth" url: https://probativegrowth.com/data/union-membership/ lang: en-US alternate: https://probativegrowth.com/es/datos/afiliacion-sindical/ source: the same page, converted from its HTML at build time --- 1. [Home](https://probativegrowth.com/) 2. [Data](https://probativegrowth.com/data/) 3. Union membership Data · Union membership # Union membership and representation by state How many workers in each state belong to a union or work under a union contract, and what share of all wage and salary workers that is. The figures are the Bureau of Labor Statistics' own, from its yearly Union Members release, and the earlier year is checked against the release in which BLS first printed it. BLS says the 2025 figures are not strictly comparable with other years. Checked October 30, 2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Not legal advice ## What is in this dataset? {#what-h} Employed wage and salary workers, union members and workers represented by unions (members plus workers covered by a union contract) in every state, DC and the nation, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual Union Members release (Current Population Survey): numbers in thousands as BLS prints them, each as a percent of employed workers, for the latest year and the year before, with the change in the members' percent. The 2025 annual figures average the 11 months BLS published (January to September, November and December). Use it to size labor-relations and union-side or employer-side labor work by state: where union membership and contract coverage are highest, how many workers that is, and whether it is rising, beside the EEOC charges and wage-and-hour cases in the employment datasets. Agents can look up a state, compare states, or search by state name. **Records** 52 **Look up by** 52 state **Primary-source records** 52 The letters are explained in [what P, S, D and U mean](https://probativegrowth.com/data/#status-codes). ## Where does the data come from? {#from-h} BLS publishes Union Members once a year, usually in January (the 2025 figures came out on February 18, 2026), with Table 5 (states) and Table 1 (the nation) for the latest two years. Both tables are read in full and kept as printed. A gate compares the earlier year with BLS's previous release (as first published there), checks that the states add up to the national total within rounding, re-reads both pages and re-derives every record. **Period covered** 2024 to 2025 **Places** The whole US, all 50 states and DC **How often we refresh it** Once a year **The source's next release** January 2027 **Records read** October 30, 2026 ### Official sources - [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members (Current Population Survey)](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm), by official web pages. A work of the U.S. government (17 U.S.C. 105); BLS states its data are in the public domain. ### The sources the records cite most - [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members 2025, Table 5: union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm): 51 records - [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members 2025, Table 1: union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t01.htm): 1 record ## What does a record look like? {#sample-h} New York, 2025: 21.3% of employed wage and salary workers were union members (1.8 million of 8.6 million) and 22.5% were represented by a union; 20.6% were members in 2024 (BLS). Status P · checked October 30, 2026 · source: [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members 2025, Table 5: union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm) California, 2025: 14.9% of employed wage and salary workers were union members (2.5 million of 16.7 million) and 16.7% were represented by a union; 14.5% were members in 2024 (BLS). Status P · checked October 30, 2026 · source: [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members 2025, Table 5: union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm) United States, 2025: 10.0% of employed wage and salary workers were union members (14.7 million of 146.7 million) and 11.2% were represented by a union; 9.9% were members in 2024 (BLS). Status P · checked October 30, 2026 · source: [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Union Members 2025, Table 1: union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t01.htm) The full records add the dates, the quoted source text and every field in the CSV and JSON files below. **What each of the 18 main columns means** **`jurisdiction`** Two-letter state code (50 states and DC), or US **`level`** us or state **`stateName`** State name (United States on the national record) **`year`** The latest year in the BLS release **`status`** P: the BLS figure as printed **`value`** Percent of employed wage and salary workers who are union members (the same as members_pct) **`employed_k`** Employed wage and salary workers, thousands (sole or principal job; self-employed excluded) **`members_k`** Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, thousands **`members_pct`** members_k as a percent of employed_k (BLS) **`represented_k`** Union members plus workers with no union affiliation whose jobs are covered by a union or employee association contract, thousands **`represented_pct`** represented_k as a percent of employed_k (BLS) **`previousYear`** The year before (the second year of the release) **`employed_k_prev`** employed_k in previousYear **`members_k_prev`** members_k in previousYear **`members_pct_prev`** members_pct in previousYear **`represented_k_prev`** represented_k in previousYear **`represented_pct_prev`** represented_pct in previousYear **`change_members_pct_pts`** members_pct minus members_pct_prev, percentage points ## How do I use it in my own tools? {#api-h} Ask an AI assistant: add `https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/union-membership` as an MCP connector (no sign-in), or the main server `https://probativegrowth.com/mcp` for every dataset. Setup for each app is on [the API and MCP page](https://probativegrowth.com/resources/rules-api/). **`union_lookup`** For one two-letter state code (or US): the union membership rate (the share of wage and salary workers who are union members) and the share represented by unions, with the numbers of workers in thousands, for the latest year and the year before. **`union_compare`** The records of up to 10 states (or US) side by side: members and represented workers, thousands and percent, and the change. **`union_search`** Records whose text matches the words given, such as a state name. Or read the static files, with no key and no usage cap: - [Index and endpoints](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/index.json) `/data/v1/union-membership/index.json` - [One state (AK shown)](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/jurisdictions/AK.json) `/data/v1/union-membership/jurisdictions/{jurisdiction}.json` - [Confirmed changes](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/changes.json) `/data/v1/union-membership/changes.json` - [OpenAPI description](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/openapi.json) `/data/v1/union-membership/openapi.json` - [API reference, every file](https://probativegrowth.com/resources/rules-api/reference/) `/resources/rules-api/reference/` ## How to cite this dataset {#cite-h} You can reuse, adapt and republish this data, including commercially, under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The only condition is that you credit Probative and link to the source. **Version** 1.0.0, released October 31, 2026 **DOI** [10.5281/zenodo.23845987](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845987) **Every version** [10.5281/zenodo.23845986](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845986) (always points to the newest) **License** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Download the data - [CSV: union-membership.csv](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/union-membership.csv) 33 KB · one row per record (columns in README.txt) - [JSON: union-membership.json](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/union-membership.json) 74 KB · every record with its sources Free, no email or login. The files are hosted on this site and [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/23845987), a public research archive. Suggested citation Probative. (2026). Union membership and representation by state (BLS Union Members), 2024 and 2025 (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845987 Credit line for a chart, table or article Source: Probative, Union membership and representation by state (BLS Union Members), 2024 and 2025, version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845987, licensed CC BY 4.0. Add to a reference manager (Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote) - [RIS (EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley)](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/cite.ris) - [BibTeX (LaTeX)](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/cite.bib) - [CITATION.cff (GitHub, Zenodo)](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/CITATION.cff) - [codemeta.json](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/codemeta.json) - [SVG badge with the DOI](https://probativegrowth.com/data/badge/union-membership.svg) Not legal advice. These are survey estimates from the Current Population Survey, rounded to thousands and one decimal by BLS; small states have wider sampling error. The 2025 annual figures average the 11 months BLS published (January to September, November and December). BLS says the 2025 figures are not strictly comparable with other years. ## What changed recently? {#chg-h} - **2026-10-30** · BLS union members and workers represented by unions in every state and DC, 2024 and 2025: in 2025, 10.0% of U.S. wage and salary workers were union members, from 2.3% in South Dakota to 24.8% in Hawaii. ([source](https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm)) The full log is in [changes.json](https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/union-membership/changes.json). ## What are the limits? {#limits-h} - These are survey estimates from the Current Population Survey, rounded by BLS to thousands of workers and one decimal; small states have wider sampling error. - Represented workers are union members plus workers whose jobs are covered by a union contract without being members. - The 2025 annual figures average the 11 months BLS published (January to September, November and December). BLS says the 2025 figures are not strictly comparable with other years. - The figures refer to each worker's sole or principal job; self-employed workers are left out, as BLS notes. - Records older than 400 days since their last check are marked `stale` in the files until we re-check them. Every confirmed error we fix is listed in the [data corrections log](https://probativegrowth.com/data/corrections/). **Not legal advice.** These are survey estimates from the Current Population Survey, rounded to thousands and one decimal by BLS; small states have wider sampling error. The 2025 annual figures average the 11 months BLS published (January to September, November and December). BLS says the 2025 figures are not strictly comparable with other years. Probative is a marketing firm, not a law firm. Found a wrong value? [Report an error](https://probativegrowth.com/data/corrections/#report) with the record id and the source that shows the right value. 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The full list is in the [data catalog](https://probativegrowth.com/data/). Running a firm? You don’t need the raw data: we handle your state’s ad rules for you. See where your firm stands first. From Probative, the agency Probative is a marketing agency, and we check the union membership figures when we plan a firm's ads and search work. See [our marketing for employment law firms](https://probativegrowth.com/practice-areas/employment-law/) and [how employment law firms appear in search and AI answers](https://probativegrowth.com/practice-areas/employment-law/seo/). Published by Probative Growth, a marketing agency for law firms. See our [services](https://probativegrowth.com/services/) and [pricing](https://probativegrowth.com/pricing/). Free ## Get your free review. {#end-h} Send us your firm’s website. Probative Growth records a 90-second video of what clients see when they look you up, and emails it with a one-page summary within 2 business days. No logins, no call needed. [Not sure where to start? Answer 7 questions](https://probativegrowth.com/law-firm-marketing-checklist/) [Ready to talk? Talk to us](https://probativegrowth.com/contact/#consult) [Or see what AI says about your firm](https://probativegrowth.com/ai-check/) **Your free review:** It covers your Google listing, website, phone and ads, from public information. [See every price](https://probativegrowth.com/pricing/) Practice areas We file the data on this page under the practice area [employment law](https://probativegrowth.com/practice-areas/employment-law/). From Probative, the agency Two of our services draw on the union membership figures: [the paid search we run for firms](https://probativegrowth.com/services/google-ads/); [our search engine work for law firms](https://probativegrowth.com/services/law-firm-seo/).