{"@context":{"@language":"en","@vocab":"https://schema.org/","arrayShape":"cr:arrayShape","citeAs":"cr:citeAs","column":"cr:column","conformsTo":"dct:conformsTo","containedIn":"cr:containedIn","cr":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/","rai":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/","data":{"@id":"cr:data","@type":"@json"},"dataType":{"@id":"cr:dataType","@type":"@vocab"},"dct":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","description":{"@container":"@language"},"equivalentProperty":"cr:equivalentProperty","examples":{"@id":"cr:examples","@type":"@json"},"extract":"cr:extract","field":"cr:field","fileProperty":"cr:fileProperty","fileObject":"cr:fileObject","fileSet":"cr:fileSet","format":"cr:format","includes":"cr:includes","isArray":"cr:isArray","isLiveDataset":"cr:isLiveDataset","jsonPath":"cr:jsonPath","key":"cr:key","md5":"cr:md5","name":{"@container":"@language"},"parentField":"cr:parentField","path":"cr:path","recordSet":"cr:recordSet","references":"cr:references","regex":"cr:regex","repeated":"cr:repeated","replace":"cr:replace","samplingRate":"cr:samplingRate","sc":"https://schema.org/","separator":"cr:separator","source":"cr:source","subField":"cr:subField","transform":"cr:transform"},"@type":"sc:Dataset","conformsTo":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.1","name":"US law firm websites: practices, Spanish, intake, by state, county and practice area","description":"US law firms, state by state and county by county, from two kinds of open source: law firms' own public websites, read politely each week (robots.txt obeyed, a few pages per firm), and official state registries published as open data for reuse (New York's attorney registrations and business entities, and the business registries of Colorado, Oregon, Connecticut, Texas and Pennsylvania). For each state, county and practice area we count the firms found, how many have a website we read, and, of those websites, the shares that show Spanish-language pages, a 24/7 intake statement, a free consultation or no fee unless they win, a chat or online booking tool, legal structured data (schema.org LegalService or Attorney), review markup or an llms.txt file, with the median number of pages a firm has about the practice. Every row gives two coverage measures: the firms found against the employer law offices the Census Bureau's County Business Patterns counts, and the websites read against our estimate of the law firms with a website. A state is called a census only when the first reaches 0.70; until then the rows are a sample. These counts are CC BY 4.0. The firm-level rows behind them (name as the firm or registry gives it, offices by county and the yes-or-no facts, each linked to the page it was read on with the date) are published separately under the Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0, because the list of sites comes partly from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors), and are shown on the /firms/ pages. No firm is rated, scored or ranked, and no individual lawyer's data is published. Website sources: Common Crawl (its web graph and the Web Data Commons structured-data extract), OpenStreetMap and Wikidata.","url":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/firm-web-census/","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23750638","sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23750638","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23750637","https://zenodo.org/records/23750638"],"version":"2.0.0","datePublished":"2026-10-29","dateModified":"2026-10-28","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","creator":{"@type":"sc:Organization","name":"Probative Growth","url":"https://probativegrowth.com"},"publisher":{"@type":"sc:Organization","name":"Probative Growth","url":"https://probativegrowth.com"},"citeAs":"Probative. (2026). US law firm websites: practices, Spanish, intake, by state, county and practice area (Version 2.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23750638","keywords":["law firm websites by county","law firms by practice area and county","Spanish-language law firm websites","law firm 24/7 intake","law firm free consultation and contingency","law firm structured data LegalService","llms.txt law firms","legal market supply data"],"inLanguage":"en","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isLiveDataset":false,"temporalCoverage":"2026-10-28","spatialCoverage":{"@type":"sc:Place","name":"United States"},"distribution":[{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"firm-web-census.csv","name":"firm-web-census.csv","description":"Every record, one row each (RFC 4180, UTF-8). Columns are described in README.txt.","contentUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/firm-web-census/firm-web-census.csv","contentSize":"9459893 B","encodingFormat":"text/csv","sha256":"31f4996d53c31b4c950a67a07807b3341b2dfb5729ea7a4ef3705fc8d0497cb5"},{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"firm-web-census.json","name":"firm-web-census.json","description":"Every record with its full sources, under a meta envelope (credit line, DOI, license).","contentUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/firm-web-census/firm-web-census.json","contentSize":"14911070 B","encodingFormat":"application/json","sha256":"fd1463571897b5c2ede419668b04cebe295fa4f6174c26e995f673627039254b"},{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"firm-rows-index.json","name":"firm-rows-index.json","description":"Manifest of the firm-level rows (one CSV per state, ODbL 1.0, OpenStreetMap attribution and share-alike apply). The aggregate records are CC BY 4.0.","contentUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/firm-web-census/firms/index.json","contentSize":"9354 B","encodingFormat":"application/json","sha256":"a2a8b53a425ad31670a9ae1b7b01abb2c66e72a0b55afb308fb4c0006c830ef8","license":"https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/"}],"recordSet":[{"@type":"cr:RecordSet","@id":"firm-web-census","name":"firm-web-census","description":"The records of US law firm websites: practices, Spanish, intake, by state, county and practice area, one per CSV row.","key":{"@id":"firm-web-census/id"},"field":[{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/id","name":"id","description":"Stable record id (never reused)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"id"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/jurisdiction","name":"jurisdiction","description":"Two-letter state code (50 states and DC)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"jurisdiction"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/level","name":"level","description":"state, state-practice or county (county x practice cells nested in practiceCells)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"level"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/county","name":"county","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (county rows)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"county"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/countyName","name":"countyName","description":"County name as the Census Bureau writes it","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"countyName"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/practice","name":"practice","description":"Practice id from the shared practice taxonomy (/data/crosswalks/), for practice rows","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"practice"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/status","name":"status","description":"P primary source, S secondary source, D default (no specific rule found), U open question or withheld","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"status"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/text","name":"text","description":"The record in one plain-English sentence","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"text"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/value","name":"value","description":"Law firms found (website or registry; null where suppressed)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"value"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/unit","name":"unit","description":"Unit of value","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"unit"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/firms","name":"firms","description":"Law firms found: with a website read, or from an official registry only","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"firms"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/firms_with_website","name":"firms_with_website","description":"Of those, firms whose own website we read (the base of every share)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"firms_with_website"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/firms_registry_only","name":"firms_registry_only","description":"Of those, firms found only in an official open registry (no website read)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"firms_registry_only"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/cbp_offices","name":"cbp_offices","description":"Employer law offices (NAICS 541110) in Census County Business Patterns 2023 for the state or county: the coverage base","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"cbp_offices"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/coverage_cbp","name":"coverage_cbp","description":"Coverage (b): firms found / cbp_offices. Firms and establishments differ (a firm can have several offices; registries include solo practices without employees, which CBP leaves out), so it can pass 1","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"coverage_cbp"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/est_firms_with_website","name":"est_firms_with_website","description":"Estimated law firms with a website (capture-recapture between the OpenStreetMap and Common Crawl site lists; provisional until the first full pass ends)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"est_firms_with_website"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/coverage_web","name":"coverage_web","description":"Coverage (a): firms with a website read / est_firms_with_website","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"coverage_web"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/coverage_label","name":"coverage_label","description":"sample, or census once coverage_cbp is 0.70 or more","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"coverage_label"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_spanish","name":"share_spanish","description":"Percent of the firm websites read with Spanish-language pages (hreflang, a page read in Spanish or a link labelled Español); null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_spanish"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_intake247","name":"share_intake247","description":"Percent of the firm websites read with a 24/7 intake statement on the pages read (for example 'available 24/7'); null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_intake247"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_structured","name":"share_structured","description":"Percent of the firm websites read whose pages carry schema.org LegalService or Attorney structured data; null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_structured"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_free_consult","name":"share_free_consult","description":"Percent of the firm websites read stating a free consultation (or free case review); null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_free_consult"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_contingency","name":"share_contingency","description":"Percent of the firm websites read stating no fee unless they win, or a contingency fee; null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_contingency"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_chat","name":"share_chat","description":"Percent of the firm websites read with a chat tool on the site; null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_chat"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_booking","name":"share_booking","description":"Percent of the firm websites read with an online booking tool linked or embedded; null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_booking"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_reviews_schema","name":"share_reviews_schema","description":"Percent of the firm websites read whose pages carry review or rating structured data (schema.org Review or AggregateRating); null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_reviews_schema"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/share_llms","name":"share_llms","description":"Percent of the firm websites read publishing an llms.txt file; null under 5 firms","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"share_llms"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/median_practice_pages","name":"median_practice_pages","description":"Practice rows: median number of sitemap pages about the practice per firm, among firms whose sitemap was read","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"median_practice_pages"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/firms_with_sitemap","name":"firms_with_sitemap","description":"Practice rows: firms whose sitemap could be read (the base of the median)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"firms_with_sitemap"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/practiceCells","name":"practiceCells","description":"County rows: one cell per practice advertised by at least 3 firms with an office in the county: firms, the shares and median_practice_pages (cells under 3 firms are left out)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"practiceCells"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/registries","name":"registries","description":"State rows: the official open registries used for the state","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"registries"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/firms_listed","name":"firms_listed","description":"State rows: candidate sites listed for the state in the open sources before reading (web-graph candidates carry no state and are not included)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"firms_listed"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/new_entrants_week","name":"new_entrants_week","description":"Aggregate rows: firms first seen in the latest weekly run (null until two runs exist)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"new_entrants_week"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/exits_week","name":"exits_week","description":"Aggregate rows: firms not readable in the latest run that were read the week before (null until two runs exist)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"exits_week"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/lastChecked","name":"lastChecked","description":"The day it was last confirmed (YYYY-MM-DD)","dataType":"sc:Date","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"lastChecked"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/sourceLabels","name":"sourceLabels","description":"Sources, separated by \" | \"","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"sourceLabels"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/sourceUrls","name":"sourceUrls","description":"Source URLs, in the same order","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"sourceUrls"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/confidence","name":"confidence","description":"high, medium or low: computed from status, a second check, age against the refresh cadence and sampling error (rule: /data/#confidence)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"confidence"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"firm-web-census/confidenceBasis","name":"confidenceBasis","description":"The reasons for the confidence level, in a short phrase","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"firm-web-census.csv"},"extract":{"column":"confidenceBasis"}}}]}]}