{"meta":{"dataset":"limitations","title":"Statutes of limitations by state: personal injury, medical malpractice, wrongful death, product liability and property damage","version":"1.1.0","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.23743673","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23743673","conceptDoi":"10.5281/zenodo.23721435","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"Source: Probative, Statutes of limitations by state: personal injury, medical malpractice, wrongful death, product liability and property damage, version 1.1.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23743673, licensed CC BY 4.0.","citation":"Probative. (2026). Statutes of limitations by state: personal injury, medical malpractice, wrongful death, product liability and property damage (Version 1.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23743673","disclaimer":"Not legal advice. These are the periods as each statute states them, read in the official code on the date shown. Tolling, discovery rules, notice-of-claim deadlines for claims against a government, minors' rules and other exceptions can shorten or lengthen the time to file, and statutes change. Check the statute and ask a lawyer licensed in the state before relying on a deadline.","notice":"Probative is a marketing firm, not a law firm; not legal advice.","lastChecked":"2026-10-28","url":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/limitations/jurisdictions/ND.json","humanUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/research/statute-of-limitations-by-state/","statusCodes":{"P":"primary source","S":"secondary source","D":"ABA model default","U":"open question"}},"key":"ND","records":[{"id":"limitations-nd-pi","dataset":"limitations","jurisdiction":"ND","jurisdictionName":"North Dakota","claimType":"pi","claimTypeName":"Personal injury","status":"P","sourceType":"official code","court":null,"case":null,"decided":null,"text":"North Dakota, personal injury: 6 years, under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5), as read in the official code on 2026-10-28. This is the general period; the statute's words do not name this claim type.","value":6,"unit":"years","years":6,"period":"6 years","statuteCite":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)","officialUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","sourceUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","discoveryRule":"U","reposeYears":null,"governmentNoticeDays":null,"basis":"general","readBy":"script","uReason":null,"quote":"An action for criminal conversation or for any other injury to the person or rights of another not arising upon contract, when not otherwise expressly provided.","sources":[{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"An action for criminal conversation or for any other injury to the person or rights of another not arising upon contract, when not otherwise expressly provided.","supports":"claim"},{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"The following actions must be commenced within six years after the claim for relief has accrued:","supports":"period"}],"source":{"agency":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-28","release":"code as published online, read 2026-10-28","table":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)"},"flags":{},"lastChecked":"2026-10-28","note":"Section 28-01-16 lists six-year actions; item 5 is 'An action for criminal conversation or for any other injury to the person or rights of another not arising upon contract, when not otherwise expressly provided.' (list numbers are separated from item text in the official PDF). Shorter periods apply to specific claims (e.g. assault and battery, two years under 28-01-18(1)).","confidence":"high","confidenceBasis":"primary source; checked within 120 days; totals tie to the official file"},{"id":"limitations-nd-medmal","dataset":"limitations","jurisdiction":"ND","jurisdictionName":"North Dakota","claimType":"medmal","claimTypeName":"Medical malpractice","status":"P","sourceType":"official code","court":null,"case":null,"decided":null,"text":"North Dakota, medical malpractice: 2 years, under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3), as read in the official code on 2026-10-28.","value":2,"unit":"years","years":2,"period":"2 years","statuteCite":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3)","officialUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","sourceUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","discoveryRule":"U","reposeYears":6,"governmentNoticeDays":null,"basis":"specific","readBy":"script","uReason":null,"quote":"3. An action for the recovery of damages resulting from malpractice; provided, however, that the limitation of an action against a physician or licensed hospital will not be extended beyond six years of the act or omission of alleged malpractice by a nondiscovery thereof","sources":[{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"3. An action for the recovery of damages resulting from malpractice; provided, however, that the limitation of an action against a physician or licensed hospital will not be extended beyond six years of the act or omission of alleged malpractice by a nondiscovery thereof","supports":"claim"},{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"the following actions must be commenced within two years after the claim for relief has accrued","supports":"period"},{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"the limitation of an action against a physician or licensed hospital will not be extended beyond six years of the act or omission of alleged malpractice by a nondiscovery thereof","supports":"repose"}],"source":{"agency":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-28","release":"code as published online, read 2026-10-28","table":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3)"},"flags":{},"lastChecked":"2026-10-28","note":"Section 28-01-18 lists two-year actions ('must be commenced within two years after the claim for relief has accrued'). Outer limit of six years from the act or omission unless discovery was prevented by fraudulent conduct; subject to 28-01-25.","confidence":"high","confidenceBasis":"primary source; checked within 120 days; totals tie to the official file"},{"id":"limitations-nd-wd","dataset":"limitations","jurisdiction":"ND","jurisdictionName":"North Dakota","claimType":"wd","claimTypeName":"Wrongful death","status":"P","sourceType":"official code","court":null,"case":null,"decided":null,"text":"North Dakota, wrongful death: 2 years, under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4), as read in the official code on 2026-10-28.","value":2,"unit":"years","years":2,"period":"2 years","statuteCite":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)","officialUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","sourceUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","discoveryRule":"U","reposeYears":null,"governmentNoticeDays":null,"basis":"specific","readBy":"script","uReason":null,"quote":"4. An action for injuries done to the person of another, when death ensues from such injuries, and the claim for relief must be deemed to have accrued at the time of the death of the party injured","sources":[{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"4. An action for injuries done to the person of another, when death ensues from such injuries, and the claim for relief must be deemed to have accrued at the time of the death of the party injured","supports":"claim"},{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"the following actions must be commenced within two years after the claim for relief has accrued","supports":"period"}],"source":{"agency":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-28","release":"code as published online, read 2026-10-28","table":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)"},"flags":{},"lastChecked":"2026-10-28","note":"Section 28-01-18 lists two-year actions. Claim accrues at death; where death results from malpractice, accrual is at discovery of the malpractice, with a six-year outer limit absent fraudulent conduct.","confidence":"high","confidenceBasis":"primary source; checked within 120 days; totals tie to the official file"},{"id":"limitations-nd-product","dataset":"limitations","jurisdiction":"ND","jurisdictionName":"North Dakota","claimType":"product","claimTypeName":"Product liability","status":"U","sourceType":null,"court":null,"case":null,"decided":null,"text":"North Dakota, product liability: not verified in the official code (U).","value":null,"unit":"years","years":null,"period":null,"statuteCite":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08","officialUrl":null,"sourceUrl":null,"discoveryRule":"U","reposeYears":10,"governmentNoticeDays":null,"basis":null,"readBy":null,"uReason":"none-specific","quote":null,"sources":[{"label":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01-3.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"there may be no recovery of damages in a products liability action unless the injury, death, or property damage occurs within ten years of the date of initial purchase for use or consumption, or within eleven years of the date of manufacture of a product.","supports":"repose"}],"source":{"agency":"North Dakota legislature (official code site)","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/general-information/north-dakota-century-code","accessed":"2026-10-28","release":"code as published online, read 2026-10-28","table":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08"},"flags":{},"lastChecked":"2026-10-28","note":"No product-specific limitations period found. Section 28-01.3-08 bars recovery in a products liability action unless the injury, death or property damage occurs within ten years of initial purchase or eleven years of manufacture (repose); asbestos exposure injury: three years from discovery. See the pi row.","confidence":"low","confidenceBasis":"open question or withheld (U)"},{"id":"limitations-nd-property","dataset":"limitations","jurisdiction":"ND","jurisdictionName":"North Dakota","claimType":"property","claimTypeName":"Property damage","status":"P","sourceType":"official code","court":null,"case":null,"decided":null,"text":"North Dakota, property damage: 6 years, under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(3), (4), as read in the official code on 2026-10-28.","value":6,"unit":"years","years":6,"period":"6 years","statuteCite":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(3), (4)","officialUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","sourceUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","discoveryRule":"U","reposeYears":null,"governmentNoticeDays":null,"basis":"specific","readBy":"script","uReason":null,"quote":"An action for trespass upon real property.","sources":[{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"An action for trespass upon real property.","supports":"claim"},{"label":"North Dakota Legislative Branch, Century Code, Title 28, Chapter 28-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","kind":"primary","accessed":"2026-10-28","quote":"The following actions must be commenced within six years after the claim for relief has accrued:","supports":"period"}],"source":{"agency":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-28","release":"code as published online, read 2026-10-28","table":"N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(3), (4)"},"flags":{},"lastChecked":"2026-10-28","note":"Section 28-01-16 items 3 and 4: 'An action for trespass upon real property.' and 'An action for taking, detaining, or injuring any goods or chattels, including actions for the specific recovery of personal property.'","confidence":"high","confidenceBasis":"primary source; checked within 120 days; totals tie to the official file"}]}