{"@context":{"@language":"en","@vocab":"https://schema.org/","arrayShape":"cr:arrayShape","citeAs":"cr:citeAs","column":"cr:column","conformsTo":"dct:conformsTo","containedIn":"cr:containedIn","cr":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/","rai":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/","data":{"@id":"cr:data","@type":"@json"},"dataType":{"@id":"cr:dataType","@type":"@vocab"},"dct":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","description":{"@container":"@language"},"equivalentProperty":"cr:equivalentProperty","examples":{"@id":"cr:examples","@type":"@json"},"extract":"cr:extract","field":"cr:field","fileProperty":"cr:fileProperty","fileObject":"cr:fileObject","fileSet":"cr:fileSet","format":"cr:format","includes":"cr:includes","isArray":"cr:isArray","isLiveDataset":"cr:isLiveDataset","jsonPath":"cr:jsonPath","key":"cr:key","md5":"cr:md5","name":{"@container":"@language"},"parentField":"cr:parentField","path":"cr:path","recordSet":"cr:recordSet","references":"cr:references","regex":"cr:regex","repeated":"cr:repeated","replace":"cr:replace","samplingRate":"cr:samplingRate","sc":"https://schema.org/","separator":"cr:separator","source":"cr:source","subField":"cr:subField","transform":"cr:transform"},"@type":"sc:Dataset","conformsTo":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.1","name":"Toxic chemical releases by county (EPA Toxics Release Inventory)","description":"Toxic chemicals that industrial and federal facilities reported releasing on site to the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) in reporting year 2024, for 2,437 counties with a reporting facility, 56 states and territories and the US: 21,482 facilities and 2,842,308,160 pounds in all (530,322,130 to air, 188,664,266 to water, 2,123,321,764 to land), with the pounds of known or suspected carcinogens, PFAS, ethylene oxide, benzene and lead, and the on-site total of each of the earlier years kept (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023). State records list the three largest parent companies. Counties carry the Census FIPS code. Dioxin-like compounds, which facilities report in grams, are converted to pounds. TRI counts reported releases by listed chemicals from covered facilities; it is not a measure of exposure or of harm.","url":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/toxic-releases/","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23753052","sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23753052","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23753051","https://zenodo.org/records/23753052"],"version":"1.0.0","datePublished":"2026-10-29","dateModified":"2026-10-29","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","creator":{"@type":"sc:Organization","name":"Probative Growth","url":"https://probativegrowth.com"},"publisher":{"@type":"sc:Organization","name":"Probative Growth","url":"https://probativegrowth.com"},"citeAs":"Probative. (2026). Toxic chemical releases by county (EPA Toxics Release Inventory) (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23753052","keywords":["toxic releases by county","EPA TRI releases by county","Toxics Release Inventory county data","PFAS releases by county","carcinogen releases by county","toxic exposure lawyer market data"],"inLanguage":"en","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isLiveDataset":false,"temporalCoverage":"2024-01-01/2024-12-31","spatialCoverage":{"@type":"sc:Place","name":"United States"},"distribution":[{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"toxic-releases.csv","name":"toxic-releases.csv","description":"Every record, one row each (RFC 4180, UTF-8). Columns are described in README.txt.","contentUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/toxic-releases/toxic-releases.csv","contentSize":"2008129 B","encodingFormat":"text/csv","sha256":"d61ff658a9ed792bec02112ef02e7ab99c8d19833bf24f8fc77ce5fca33165b1"},{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"toxic-releases.json","name":"toxic-releases.json","description":"Every record with its full sources, under a meta envelope (credit line, DOI, license).","contentUrl":"https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/toxic-releases/toxic-releases.json","contentSize":"4813639 B","encodingFormat":"application/json","sha256":"fd014b0b475bc83d950d2367f89ba216f81ac18f5cc94a135722a639e27cea9e"}],"recordSet":[{"@type":"cr:RecordSet","@id":"toxic-releases","name":"toxic-releases","description":"The records of Toxic chemical releases by county (EPA Toxics Release Inventory), one per CSV row.","key":{"@id":"toxic-releases/id"},"field":[{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/id","name":"id","description":"Stable record id (never reused)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"id"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/jurisdiction","name":"jurisdiction","description":"Two-letter code of the state, DC or territory, or US","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"jurisdiction"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/county","name":"county","description":"5-digit county FIPS code (vintage 2025; Connecticut's retired counties keep their old codes); empty for other levels","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"county"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/countyName","name":"countyName","description":"County name as the Census Bureau writes it","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"countyName"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/stateName","name":"stateName","description":"State name","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"stateName"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/topParents","name":"topParents","description":"State records: the three largest standard parent companies by on-site pounds (businesses)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"topParents"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/unplaced_lbs","name":"unplaced_lbs","description":"State records: pounds on forms whose county could not be matched to a county code (included in the state total)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"unplaced_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/level","name":"level","description":"county, state (states and territories) or us","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"level"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/reportingYear","name":"reportingYear","description":"TRI reporting year of the figures","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"reportingYear"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/status","name":"status","description":"P primary source, S secondary source, D default (no specific rule found), U open question or withheld","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"status"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/text","name":"text","description":"The record in one plain-English sentence","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"text"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/value","name":"value","description":"Same as onsite_lbs: pounds released on site in the latest reporting year","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"value"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/unit","name":"unit","description":"What the value counts","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"unit"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/facilities","name":"facilities","description":"Facilities that filed a TRI form for the place that year","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"facilities"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs","name":"onsite_lbs","description":"Total on-site releases in pounds: to air, water, land and underground, including disposal in landfills","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/air_lbs","name":"air_lbs","description":"Fugitive and stack air releases in pounds","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"air_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/water_lbs","name":"water_lbs","description":"Releases to surface water in pounds","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"water_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/land_lbs","name":"land_lbs","description":"Releases to land in pounds: underground injection, landfills, land treatment, surface impoundments and other disposal","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"land_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/carcinogens_lbs","name":"carcinogens_lbs","description":"On-site pounds of chemicals TRI flags as known or suspected carcinogens (includes ethylene oxide and benzene)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"carcinogens_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/pfas_lbs","name":"pfas_lbs","description":"On-site pounds of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the TRI list","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"pfas_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/ethylene_oxide_lbs","name":"ethylene_oxide_lbs","description":"On-site pounds of ethylene oxide","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"ethylene_oxide_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/benzene_lbs","name":"benzene_lbs","description":"On-site pounds of benzene","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"benzene_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/lead_lbs","name":"lead_lbs","description":"On-site pounds of lead and lead compounds","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"lead_lbs"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs_2020","name":"onsite_lbs_2020","description":"On-site releases in pounds in reporting year 2020","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs_2020"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs_2021","name":"onsite_lbs_2021","description":"On-site releases in pounds in reporting year 2021","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs_2021"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs_2022","name":"onsite_lbs_2022","description":"On-site releases in pounds in reporting year 2022","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs_2022"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs_2023","name":"onsite_lbs_2023","description":"On-site releases in pounds in reporting year 2023","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs_2023"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/onsite_lbs_2024","name":"onsite_lbs_2024","description":"On-site releases in pounds in reporting year 2024","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"onsite_lbs_2024"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/change_pct","name":"change_pct","description":"Percent change in on-site pounds from the previous reporting year","dataType":"sc:Float","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"change_pct"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/effectiveFrom","name":"effectiveFrom","description":"First day of the reporting year","dataType":"sc:Date","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"effectiveFrom"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/effectiveTo","name":"effectiveTo","description":"Last day of the reporting year","dataType":"sc:Date","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"effectiveTo"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/lastChecked","name":"lastChecked","description":"The day it was last confirmed (YYYY-MM-DD)","dataType":"sc:Date","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"lastChecked"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/sourceLabels","name":"sourceLabels","description":"Sources, separated by \" | \"","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"sourceLabels"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/sourceUrls","name":"sourceUrls","description":"Source URLs, in the same order","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"sourceUrls"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/confidence","name":"confidence","description":"high, medium or low: computed from status, a second check, age against the refresh cadence and sampling error (rule: /data/#confidence)","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"confidence"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","@id":"toxic-releases/confidenceBasis","name":"confidenceBasis","description":"The reasons for the confidence level, in a short phrase","dataType":"sc:Text","source":{"fileObject":{"@id":"toxic-releases.csv"},"extract":{"column":"confidenceBasis"}}}]}]}