Market data
Immigration in Tennessee: market data
What public records say about the market for immigration in Tennessee: how much demand the courts and agencies count, how many law offices serve it, how many people need help in Spanish, and the ad rules that apply. Every number links to the record it comes from.
Demand: what courts and agencies count
Counts of filings, crashes, complaints and enforcement in the records each agency keeps. A count shows where problems were recorded, not how many people will hire a lawyer.
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal immigration-offense defendants | 75 defendants | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Tennessee state | criminal-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744206 record criminal-filings:state-TN:2026-06-30 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: immigration | 54 cases filed, fiscal year | FY2025 | Tennessee state | federal-filings-county v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750628 record federal-filings-county:TN · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Pending immigration court proceedings (respondents living in the state) | 60,492 proceedings | as of 2026-10-01 | Tennessee state | immigration-courts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739986 record eoir-state-tn · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Residents with limited English (any language) | 246,236 ±5,356 people age 5+ | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | legal-need v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886 record legal-need-tn · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Noncitizen residents | 262,532 ±6,113 people | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | legal-need v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886 record legal-need-tn · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal immigration-offense defendants | 60 defendants | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Eastern District of Tennessee federal district | criminal-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744206 record criminal-filings:TNE:2026-06-30 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil cases filed: immigration | 32 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Eastern District of Tennessee federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-tne-immigration · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal immigration-offense defendants | 12 defendants | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Middle District of Tennessee federal district | criminal-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744206 record criminal-filings:TNM:2026-06-30 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil cases filed: immigration | 71 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Middle District of Tennessee federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-tnm-immigration · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal immigration-offense defendants | 3 defendants | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Western District of Tennessee federal district | criminal-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744206 record criminal-filings:TNW:2026-06-30 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil cases filed: immigration | 19 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Western District of Tennessee federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-tnw-immigration · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Pending proceedings at the immigration court | 120,299 proceedings | as of 2026-10-01 | Memphis Immigration Court immigration court | immigration-courts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739986 record eoir-court-mem · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
Rising or falling
The change between the last two periods each source publishes. No threshold and no smoothing.
| Measure | Before | Latest | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal immigration-offense defendants Tennessee · record criminal-filings:state-TN:2026-06-30 | 50 2025-12-31 | 75 2026-06-30 | rising (+50%) |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: immigration Tennessee · record federal-filings-county:TN | 32 FY2024 | 54 FY2025 | rising (+68.8%) |
Lawyer supply
How many law offices and lawyers the federal statistics count here.
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New lawyers admitted | 950 lawyers a year | 2025 | Tennessee state | bar-pipeline v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721443 record tn-bar-pipeline · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Counties under 1 law office per 10,000 residents | 5 counties | 2026-Q1 | Tennessee state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Counties with no law office | 2 counties | 2026-Q1 | Tennessee state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Residents living in those low-office counties | 1 percent of residents | 2026-Q1 | Tennessee state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Employer law firms | 2,210 firms | 2022 | Tennessee state | law-firm-economy v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997 record lfe-tn-all · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Receipts of employer law firms | 3,234,950,000 US dollars | 2022 | Tennessee state | law-firm-economy v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997 record lfe-tn-all · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Law offices per 10,000 residents | 4.41 per 10,000 residents | 2026-Q1 | Tennessee state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Self-employed lawyers (nonemployer firms) | 4,902 firms | latest Nonemployer Statistics year | Tennessee state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Private law offices | 3,226 establishments | 2026-Q1 | Tennessee state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-47 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Lawyers employed (wage-earning, BLS OEWS) | 9,010 jobs | May 2025 | Tennessee state | lawyer-wages v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840 record lawyer-wages:TN:231011:2025 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Median annual wage of employed lawyers | 136,180 US dollars a year | May 2025 | Tennessee state | lawyer-wages v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840 record lawyer-wages:TN:231011:2025 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
Counties with the most demand per law office
Of the 25 counties in Tennessee with the most federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: immigration, the ten with the most per private law office. Both counts are shown with their records.
| County | Demand | Law offices | Per office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grainger County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47057 | 5 record law-offices-47057 | 0.2 |
| Macon County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47111 | 5 record law-offices-47111 | 0.2 |
| Monroe County, TN | 2 record federal-filings-county:47123 | 15 record law-offices-47123 | 0.13 |
| Giles County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47055 | 9 record law-offices-47055 | 0.11 |
| Cocke County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47029 | 10 record law-offices-47029 | 0.1 |
| Hawkins County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47073 | 11 record law-offices-47073 | 0.09 |
| Franklin County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47051 | 15 record law-offices-47051 | 0.07 |
| McMinn County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47107 | 14 record law-offices-47107 | 0.07 |
| Coffee County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47031 | 16 record law-offices-47031 | 0.06 |
| Dickson County, TN | 1 record federal-filings-county:47043 | 16 record law-offices-47043 | 0.06 |
Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: immigration (federal-filings-county v1.0.0, FY2025) ÷ Private law offices (law-offices v1.0.0, 2026-Q1). ratio = federal-filings-county.ffc.immigration / law-offices.qcew_estabs, rounded to 2 decimals; ranked highest first, among the 25 units with the most demand. Units with zero supply are listed apart (ratio undefined); units without a published value are listed as missing.
Spanish-language demand
People who speak Spanish and speak English less than very well, and the lawyers who speak Spanish, from the Census Bureau survey (with margins of error).
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyers who speak Spanish at home (ACS) | not published lawyers | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:TN:lawyers-spanish · status U · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English per Spanish-speaking lawyer | not published people per lawyer | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:TN:lep-per-spanish-lawyer · status U · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English (ACS) | 168,866 ±4,435 people age 5+ | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:TN:spanish-lep · status P · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English | 168,866 ±4,316 people age 5+ | 2020-2024 | Tennessee state | legal-need v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886 record legal-need-tn · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
Ad rules that apply
The rules a law firm's ads in Tennessee have to meet, summarized from the official texts. The full rules, with quotes, are on the state page.
| Topic | Status | What it says |
|---|---|---|
| Ad filing or review | P primary source | No filing or pre-approval. A lawyer keeps a copy or recording of each ad for 2 years after its last use, with when and where it appeared (7.1(c)). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Required content | P primary source | Every ad must include the name and contact information of at least one lawyer or firm responsible for its content (7.1(b)). A written, recorded or electronic solicitation to someone known to need legal help in a matter carries the words "advertising material"… official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Waiting periods for contact | P primary source | 30 days. A lawyer may not solicit, for pecuniary gain, a person about a personal injury, divorce or legal separation, workers' compensation or wrongful death matter, or an accident or disaster involving that person or family, unless the event was more than 30… official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Claims and results | P primary source | A communication may not be false or misleading, or omit a fact needed to keep it from misleading (7.1(a)). Results may mislead if they create an unjustified expectation of the same outcome, and an unsubstantiated comparison may mislead (7.1 cmt. [3]). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Paying for referrals | P primary source | A lawyer may not give anything of value to a non-firm person for recommending or securing the lawyer's services, except ad costs, an intermediary organization's usual charges under RPC 7.6, a practice sale, sponsorship fees or charitable gifts that buy… official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Call recording | D default rule | Tennessee: the state recording statute is not verified against an official text. Federal law (18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(d)) lets a party to a call, or someone with one party's prior consent, record it; state law may be stricter. |
| Texting | D default rule | Tennessee: the state telemarketing statute is not verified against an official text. The federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (47 U.S.C. § 227) and its rules apply. |
| Drug and device injury ads (state statute) | P primary source | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-18-5601 to 47-18-5606 (Pub. Ch. 119, S.B. 352 / H.B. 352, 2019) (effective 2019-07-01): Tennessee covers every kind of "legal advertisement": television, radio, internet, newspapers and periodicals, outdoor displays and other written,… official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Ad filing or review | P primary source | Tennessee: no filing or review of lawyer ads is required. official source · filing v1.2.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721409 · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Paying for referrals | P primary source | Lawyers in different firms may split a fee if the split matches the work each does, or if each lawyer takes joint responsibility for the case, and the total fee is reasonable. official source · referral v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23747113 · checked 2026-10-27 |
Prices and pay (national)
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jobs in legal services (seasonally adjusted) | 1,249 thousand jobs | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:CES6054110001:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| CPI-U: legal services | 230 index | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:CUUR0000SEGC01:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| PPI: offices of lawyers | 338 index | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:PCU541110541110:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
What is missing
Datasets linked to this practice that have no figure here, and values the source withholds. We never fill these in.
- findings (demand): the dataset has no records for Tennessee (it covers other places)
- findings (supply): the dataset has no records for Tennessee (it covers other places)
- firm-web-census (supply): the dataset has no records for Tennessee (it covers other places)
- language (spanish): Lawyers who speak Spanish at home (ACS) (Tennessee): value withheld by the source (status U)
- language (spanish): Spanish speakers with limited English per Spanish-speaking lawyer (Tennessee): value withheld by the source (status U)
Download and cite
The rows behind this page, with every dataset, version, DOI, record id and check date.
Cite as: Probative Growth, The new-lawyer pipeline by jurisdiction: bar exam pass rates and new admissions, 2025 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721443); Federal criminal cases by offense and district (U.S. Courts Tables D-1, D-2 and D-3) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744206); Legal deserts: law offices and lawyers per resident in every U.S. county v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430); Federal civil cases filed, by county of the plaintiff's residence, case type and year (Federal Judicial Center) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750628); How long federal civil cases take: outcomes, class actions and pro se share by district, nature of suit and year v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969); Immigration court backlog, representation and asylum outcomes (EOIR workload statistics and case data) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739986); Spanish-speaking demand vs Spanish-speaking lawyer supply, by state and metro v1.1.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758); Law firm size, solos and receipts, by state: Census SUSB 2022, Nonemployer Statistics 2024 and Economic Census 2022 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997); Law offices, jobs and pay by county, with solo-practice counts: BLS QCEW, Census CBP and Nonemployer Statistics v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415); Lawyer, paralegal and legal-staff pay by state and metro (BLS OEWS) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840); Legal need by county: who may need a lawyer, from the American Community Survey v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886); Legal-services prices and jobs, monthly (BLS CPI, PPI and CES) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854); CC BY 4.0. https://probativegrowth.com/markets/tennessee/immigration/
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How this page is built
Each figure is copied from one record of the dataset named with it, joined to this state and practice through the open practice and place crosswalk. Nothing is estimated. Methods, inputs and limits.