Market data
Employment law in Alabama: market data
What public records say about the market for employment law in Alabama: how much demand the courts and agencies count, how many law offices serve it, how many people need help in Spanish, and the ad rules that apply. Every number links to the record it comes from.
Demand: what courts and agencies count
Counts of filings, crashes, complaints and enforcement in the records each agency keeps. A count shows where problems were recorded, not how many people will hire a lawyer.
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EEOC charges alleging age discrimination | 282 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-age · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| EEOC charges of discrimination (all bases) | 2,107 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-all · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| EEOC charges alleging disability discrimination | 667 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-disability · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| EEOC charges alleging race discrimination | 792 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-race · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| EEOC charges alleging retaliation | 1,072 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-retaliation · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| EEOC charges alleging sex discrimination | 618 charges, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | eeoc-charges v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005 record eeoc-al-sex · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: employment | 539 cases filed, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | federal-filings-county v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750628 record federal-filings-county:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: labor and benefits | 59 cases filed, fiscal year | FY2025 | Alabama state | federal-filings-county v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750628 record federal-filings-county:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Back wages WHD found owed, ten fiscal years | 24,706,052 US dollars | FY2016-FY2025 | Alabama state | wage-enforcement v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744226 record wage-enforcement:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Wage and Hour Division cases concluded | 104 cases | FY2025 | Alabama state | wage-enforcement v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744226 record wage-enforcement:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Wage and Hour Division cases, ten fiscal years | 2,525 cases | FY2016-FY2025 | Alabama state | wage-enforcement v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744226 record wage-enforcement:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Employees owed back wages, ten fiscal years | 27,038 employees | FY2016-FY2025 | Alabama state | wage-enforcement v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744226 record wage-enforcement:AL · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Federal civil filings: private civil rights (includes employment) | 270 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Middle District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-alm-priv-civil-rights · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil filings: private labor (wage and hour, ERISA, family leave) | 10 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Middle District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-alm-priv-labor · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: employment and wage claims | 303 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Middle District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-alm-employment · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: labor relations and employee benefits | 15 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Middle District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-alm-labor-benefits · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil filings: private civil rights (includes employment) | 547 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Northern District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-aln-priv-civil-rights · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil filings: private labor (wage and hour, ERISA, family leave) | 70 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Northern District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-aln-priv-labor · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: employment and wage claims | 978 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Northern District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-aln-employment · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: labor relations and employee benefits | 132 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Northern District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-aln-labor-benefits · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil filings: private civil rights (includes employment) | 115 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Southern District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-als-priv-civil-rights · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil filings: private labor (wage and hour, ERISA, family leave) | 17 cases filed, 12 months | 12 months ending 2026-06-30 | Southern District of Alabama federal district | civil-filings v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009 record cf-als-priv-labor · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: employment and wage claims | 161 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Southern District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-als-employment · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
| Federal civil cases filed: labor relations and employee benefits | 19 cases filed, three fiscal years | FY2023-2025 | Southern District of Alabama federal district | idb-civil v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969 record idb-als-labor-benefits · status P · checked 2026-10-27 |
Rising or falling
The change between the last two periods each source publishes. No threshold and no smoothing.
| Measure | Before | Latest | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEOC charges of discrimination (all bases) Alabama · record eeoc-al-all | 2,139 FY2024 | 2,107 FY2025 | falling (-1.5%) |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: employment Alabama · record federal-filings-county:AL | 473 FY2024 | 539 FY2025 | rising (+14%) |
| Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: labor and benefits Alabama · record federal-filings-county:AL | 53 FY2024 | 59 FY2025 | rising (+11.3%) |
| Wage and Hour Division cases concluded Alabama · record wage-enforcement:AL | 127 FY2024 | 104 FY2025 | falling (-18.1%) |
Lawyer supply
How many law offices and lawyers the federal statistics count here.
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New lawyers admitted | 557 lawyers a year | 2025 | Alabama state | bar-pipeline v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721443 record al-bar-pipeline · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Counties under 1 law office per 10,000 residents | 1 counties | 2026-Q1 | Alabama state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Counties with no law office | 0 counties | 2026-Q1 | Alabama state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Residents living in those low-office counties | 0.4 percent of residents | 2026-Q1 | Alabama state | deserts v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430 record deserts-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Employer law firms | 2,172 firms | 2022 | Alabama state | law-firm-economy v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997 record lfe-al-all · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Receipts of employer law firms | 2,882,395,000 US dollars | 2022 | Alabama state | law-firm-economy v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997 record lfe-al-all · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Law offices per 10,000 residents | 5.45 per 10,000 residents | 2026-Q1 | Alabama state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Self-employed lawyers (nonemployer firms) | 3,636 firms | latest Nonemployer Statistics year | Alabama state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Private law offices | 2,830 establishments | 2026-Q1 | Alabama state | law-offices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415 record law-offices-01 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Lawyers employed (wage-earning, BLS OEWS) | 6,730 jobs | May 2025 | Alabama state | lawyer-wages v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840 record lawyer-wages:AL:231011:2025 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Median annual wage of employed lawyers | 131,970 US dollars a year | May 2025 | Alabama state | lawyer-wages v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840 record lawyer-wages:AL:231011:2025 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
Counties with the most demand per law office
Of the 25 counties in Alabama with the most federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: employment, the ten with the most per private law office. Both counts are shown with their records.
| County | Demand | Law offices | Per office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macon County, AL | 4 record federal-filings-county:01087 | 6 record law-offices-01087 | 0.67 |
| Limestone County, AL | 11 record federal-filings-county:01083 | 25 record law-offices-01083 | 0.44 |
| Colbert County, AL | 8 record federal-filings-county:01033 | 22 record law-offices-01033 | 0.36 |
| Talladega County, AL | 8 record federal-filings-county:01121 | 22 record law-offices-01121 | 0.36 |
| Montgomery County, AL | 63 record federal-filings-county:01101 | 181 record law-offices-01101 | 0.35 |
| Morgan County, AL | 14 record federal-filings-county:01103 | 43 record law-offices-01103 | 0.33 |
| Lawrence County, AL | 3 record federal-filings-county:01079 | 10 record law-offices-01079 | 0.3 |
| St. Clair County, AL | 7 record federal-filings-county:01115 | 24 record law-offices-01115 | 0.29 |
| Tallapoosa County, AL | 4 record federal-filings-county:01123 | 14 record law-offices-01123 | 0.29 |
| Bibb County, AL | 2 record federal-filings-county:01007 | 7 record law-offices-01007 | 0.29 |
Federal civil cases filed by county of the plaintiff: employment (federal-filings-county v1.0.0, FY2025) ÷ Private law offices (law-offices v1.0.0, 2026-Q1). ratio = federal-filings-county.ffc.employment / law-offices.qcew_estabs, rounded to 2 decimals; ranked highest first, among the 25 units with the most demand. Units with zero supply are listed apart (ratio undefined); units without a published value are listed as missing.
Spanish-language demand
People who speak Spanish and speak English less than very well, and the lawyers who speak Spanish, from the Census Bureau survey (with margins of error).
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyers who speak Spanish at home (ACS) | not published lawyers | 2020-2024 | Alabama state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:AL:lawyers-spanish · status U · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English per Spanish-speaking lawyer | not published people per lawyer | 2020-2024 | Alabama state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:AL:lep-per-spanish-lawyer · status U · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English (ACS) | 80,254 ±3,068 people age 5+ | 2020-2024 | Alabama state | language v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758 record language:state:AL:spanish-lep · status P · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Spanish speakers with limited English | 80,254 ±2,912 people age 5+ | 2020-2024 | Alabama state | legal-need v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886 record legal-need-al · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
Ad rules that apply
The rules a law firm's ads in Alabama have to meet, summarized from the official texts. The full rules, with quotes, are on the state page.
| Topic | Status | What it says |
|---|---|---|
| Ad filing or review | P primary source | None. Since January 1, 2026 the rules have no filing or pre-approval. The lawyer keeps a copy of each communication, with its date, recipient and how it was sent, for six years, and gives it promptly to the Bar's Office of General Counsel on request (7.2(a)). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Required content | P primary source | No general disclaimer since January 1, 2026. A communication must say clearly if a lawyer shown is not licensed in Alabama or the firm has no bona fide Alabama office (7.2(b)(1)-(2)). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Waiting periods for contact | P primary source | 21 days after the accident, event or disaster for solicitation about a personal-injury or wrongful-death matter (7.3(b)(1)). In a pending civil or administrative proceeding, not until service of process is obtained and filed (7.3(b)(2)). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Claims and results | P primary source | A communication may not promise a specific result (7.2(i)). A stated result needs a description of the type of case, must be objectively verifiable, and must not mislead (7.2(m)). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Paying for referrals | P primary source | A lawyer must not compensate, give or promise anything of value to a person for recommending the lawyer's services (7.2(h)). Allowed: the usual costs of permitted communications; the usual charges of a not-for-profit lawyer-referral service or legal-aid… official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Call recording | P primary source | One-party consent: eavesdropping is defined as recording others' private communication without the consent of at least one of the people in it (Ala. Code § 13A-11-30). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Texting | P primary source | A person who receives more than one telephone solicitation in 12 months from or for the same person or entity, in violation of Alabama's do-not-call rule (§ 8-19C-2(a)) or § 8-19C-5, may sue to stop the violation (Ala. Code § 8-19C-7). official source · rules v1.4.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750572 · checked 2026-10-28 |
| Ad filing or review | P primary source | Alabama: no filing or review of lawyer ads is required. official source · filing v1.2.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721409 · checked 2026-10-25 |
| Paying for referrals | P primary source | Lawyers in different firms, including a referring lawyer, may split a fee if the split is in proportion to the work each does, or each takes joint responsibility under a written agreement with the client, or (in a contingency case) the split is between the… official source · referral v1.1.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23747113 · checked 2026-10-27 |
Prices and pay (national)
| Measure | Value | Period | Place | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jobs in legal services (seasonally adjusted) | 1,249 thousand jobs | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:CES6054110001:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| CPI-U: legal services | 230 index | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:CUUR0000SEGC01:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| PPI: offices of lawyers | 338 index | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:PCU541110541110:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
| PPI: labor and employment legal services | 151 index | 2026-09 | United States United States | legal-prices v1.0.0 doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854 record legal-prices:PCU541110541110A:2026-09 · status P · checked 2026-10-28 |
What is missing
Datasets linked to this practice that have no figure here, and values the source withholds. We never fill these in.
- findings (demand): the dataset has no records for Alabama (it covers other places)
- firm-web-census (supply): the dataset has no records for Alabama (it covers other places)
- language (spanish): Lawyers who speak Spanish at home (ACS) (Alabama): value withheld by the source (status U)
- language (spanish): Spanish speakers with limited English per Spanish-speaking lawyer (Alabama): value withheld by the source (status U)
Download and cite
The rows behind this page, with every dataset, version, DOI, record id and check date.
Cite as: Probative Growth, The new-lawyer pipeline by jurisdiction: bar exam pass rates and new admissions, 2025 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721443); Federal civil filings by nature of suit and district, 12-month periods since 2018 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23720009); Legal deserts: law offices and lawyers per resident in every U.S. county v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721430); Employment discrimination charges to the EEOC, by state and basis, FY 2009 to FY 2025 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23733005); Federal civil cases filed, by county of the plaintiff's residence, case type and year (Federal Judicial Center) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23750628); How long federal civil cases take: outcomes, class actions and pro se share by district, nature of suit and year v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739969); Spanish-speaking demand vs Spanish-speaking lawyer supply, by state and metro v1.1.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23656758); Law firm size, solos and receipts, by state: Census SUSB 2022, Nonemployer Statistics 2024 and Economic Census 2022 v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23739997); Law offices, jobs and pay by county, with solo-practice counts: BLS QCEW, Census CBP and Nonemployer Statistics v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23721415); Lawyer, paralegal and legal-staff pay by state and metro (BLS OEWS) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734840); Legal need by county: who may need a lawyer, from the American Community Survey v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23741886); Legal-services prices and jobs, monthly (BLS CPI, PPI and CES) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734854); Wage-and-hour and OSHA enforcement by county, state, act and industry (U.S. Department of Labor) v1.0.0 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23744226); CC BY 4.0. https://probativegrowth.com/markets/alabama/employment-law/
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How this page is built
Each figure is copied from one record of the dataset named with it, joined to this state and practice through the open practice and place crosswalk. Nothing is estimated. Methods, inputs and limits.