Get my free review

Data · Nursing homes

Nursing home fines and harm citations, county by county

How many certified nursing homes and beds each county has, how often federal regulators fined those homes over the last three years and for how much, and how many times inspectors found residents harmed, in immediate jeopardy or exposed to abuse or neglect. Rebuilt every month from the files behind Medicare’s Care Compare, as counts by county, state and the whole country.

Checked October 28, 2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Not legal advice

What is in this dataset?

For every US county with a Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing home, every state and territory, and the US: how many certified nursing homes and beds there are, how many times the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fined them in the last three years and for how many dollars, how often and for how many days it denied payment, and how many health citations inspectors wrote at the actual-harm level or worse (scope and severity G to L), at the immediate-jeopardy level (J to L) and under the abuse, neglect and exploitation tags (F600 to F610), plus the share of rated homes with one star overall. Built each month from the four CMS Provider Data Catalog files behind Care Compare. Counts only: no facility names, addresses or certification numbers, and no resident data (CMS publishes none).

Use it to size the market for nursing home abuse and neglect cases county by county: where the homes and beds are, where CMS has fined homes and how much, and where inspectors found residents harmed or in immediate jeopardy. A county with many beds, large fines and a high share of one-star homes is where families are most likely to be looking for help. Read it beside the elder population and law-office counts before you decide where to advertise or open an office.

Records
2,899
Look up by
54
jurisdiction
Primary source
2,899

The letters are explained in what P, S, D and U mean.

Where does the data come from?

Each certified nursing home in the CMS Provider Information file is placed in the county CMS lists for it (matched by name and state to the vintage 2025 county FIPS codes in the crosswalks dataset); its fines and payment denials from the Penalties file and its health citations from the Health Deficiencies file are added to that county, its state and the US. Harm is scope and severity G to L, immediate jeopardy J to L, abuse the federal tags F600 to F610. Totals are checked against the raw files by state and against CMS's own state and national averages.

Period covered
July 2017 to September 2026
Places
The whole US, states and counties
How often we refresh it
Every month
The source's next release
December 2, 2026
Records read
October 28, 2026

Official sources

The sources the records cite most

What does a record look like?

  • United States: 14,686 Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes (1,567,009 certified beds). CMS fined 6,468 of them 12,638 times for $445.7 million between October 2023 and September 2026, and denied payment 2,369 times (64,360 days). Inspectors cited 22,249 deficiencies at the actual-harm level or worse (9,046 immediate jeopardy) and 31,295 abuse or neglect deficiencies in the inspections CMS publishes. 18.9% of rated homes have one star overall.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: CMS Provider Data Catalog, Nursing homes: Provider Information (NH_ProviderInfo_Oct2026.csv)

  • Texas: 1,177 Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes (133,481 certified beds). CMS fined 795 of them 1,678 times for $50.6 million between October 2023 and September 2026, and denied payment 140 times (2,507 days). Inspectors cited 2,593 deficiencies at the actual-harm level or worse (2,073 immediate jeopardy) and 2,293 abuse or neglect deficiencies in the inspections CMS publishes. 24.7% of rated homes have one star overall.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: CMS Provider Data Catalog, Nursing homes: Provider Information (NH_ProviderInfo_Oct2026.csv)

  • California: 1,165 Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes (114,991 certified beds). CMS fined 452 of them 886 times for $27.2 million between October 2023 and September 2026, and denied payment 282 times (6,483 days). Inspectors cited 1,345 deficiencies at the actual-harm level or worse (331 immediate jeopardy) and 3,495 abuse or neglect deficiencies in the inspections CMS publishes. 15.5% of rated homes have one star overall.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: CMS Provider Data Catalog, Nursing homes: Provider Information (NH_ProviderInfo_Oct2026.csv)

  • Florida: 694 Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes (84,537 certified beds). CMS fined 259 of them 552 times for $16.3 million between October 2023 and September 2026, and denied payment 13 times (481 days). Inspectors cited 704 deficiencies at the actual-harm level or worse (467 immediate jeopardy) and 539 abuse or neglect deficiencies in the inspections CMS publishes. 12.3% of rated homes have one star overall.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: CMS Provider Data Catalog, Nursing homes: Provider Information (NH_ProviderInfo_Oct2026.csv)

The full records add the dates, the quoted source text and every field in the CSV and JSON files below.

What each of the 34 main columns means
jurisdiction
Two-letter state or territory code, or US for the national record
jurisdictionName
State or territory name
level
county, state or us
county
5-digit county FIPS code (vintage 2025; Connecticut planning regions), empty for state and US records
countyName
County name as in the crosswalks dataset
value
Same as fines_total_usd
unit
What value measures
facilities
Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes in the CMS Provider Information file
certified_beds
Certified beds in those homes
rated_facilities
Homes with a CMS overall star rating
one_star_facilities
Homes rated one star overall (the lowest)
one_star_share_pct
one_star_facilities as a percent of rated_facilities
abuse_icon_facilities
Homes CMS marks with its abuse icon on Care Compare
fines_count
Fines (civil money penalties) CMS lists in the last three years
fines_total_usd
Dollars of those fines, as CMS lists them (before any later reduction CMS has not yet posted)
facilities_fined
Homes with at least one fine
payment_denials
Denials of payment for new admissions in the last three years
payment_denial_days
Total length of those payment denials, in days
citations_total
Health citations (deficiencies) in the inspections CMS publishes for each home
citations_harm
Citations at scope and severity G to L: actual harm or immediate jeopardy
citations_ij
Citations at scope and severity J to L: immediate jeopardy to resident health or safety
citations_abuse
Citations under federal tags F600 to F610 (abuse, neglect, exploitation, misappropriation and how homes prevent, report and investigate them)
facilities_with_harm
Homes with at least one citation at G to L
facilities_with_ij
Homes with at least one citation at J to L
facilities_without_county
State and US records: homes whose county could not be placed (Puerto Rico and Guam have no county rows), counted in the state only
cms_avg_fines_per_facility
State and US records: CMS's own published average number of fines per home (second source)
cms_avg_fine_amount_usd
State and US records: CMS's own published average fine dollars per home (second source)
cms_avg_cycle1_health_deficiencies
State and US records: CMS's own published average health deficiencies in the latest standard inspection (second source)
penalty_from
Earliest penalty date in the CMS Penalties file
penalty_to
Latest penalty date in the CMS Penalties file
survey_from
Earliest inspection date in the CMS Health Deficiencies file
survey_to
Latest inspection date in the CMS Health Deficiencies file
sourceLabels
The CMS files the record is built from
sourceUrls
Links to those files

How do I use it in my own tools?

nursinghomes_lookup
For one two-letter state or territory code (or US): the state record and every county with a certified nursing home, with homes, beds, CMS fines and dollars over the last three years, payment denials, actual-harm, immediate-jeopardy and abuse citations, and the one-star share. Counts only, from the CMS Provider Data Catalog.
nursinghomes_compare
The same records side by side for up to 10 two-letter state codes.
nursinghomes_search
Records whose text matches the words given, such as a county name ("Harris County"), a FIPS code or a state name.

How to cite this dataset

You can reuse, adapt and republish this data, including commercially, under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0). The only condition is that you credit Probative and link to the source.

Version
1.0.0, released October 28, 2026
Every version
10.5281/zenodo.23741900 (always points to the newest)
License
CC BY 4.0

Download the data

Free, no email or login. The files are hosted on this site and Zenodo, a public research archive.

Suggested citation

Probative. (2026). Nursing home fines and harm citations by county: CMS penalties, actual-harm, immediate-jeopardy and abuse citations (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23741901

Credit line for a chart, table or article

Source: Probative, Nursing home fines and harm citations by county: CMS penalties, actual-harm, immediate-jeopardy and abuse citations, version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23741901, licensed CC BY 4.0.

Add to a reference manager (Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote)

Not legal advice. This is a count of public CMS inspection and penalty records, kept for marketing planning. A citation is an inspector's finding, not a court's; a fine can be reduced or withdrawn on appeal; and nothing here says any home or person did anything unlawful.

What changed recently?

  • 2026-10-28 · County, state and US totals of CMS fines, payment denials and health citations (actual harm, immediate jeopardy, abuse), from the CMS Provider Data Catalog. No facility names. (source)

The full log is in changes.json.

What are the limits?

  • A citation is an inspector’s finding at a survey, not a court’s finding, and the home may dispute it. Informal and independent dispute resolution can change a citation’s level after it is first posted.
  • Fines are shown as CMS lists them. A fine can be reduced, for example when the home waives its appeal, or withdrawn on appeal, and the file can lag that change.
  • Penalties cover the last three years, ending with the month before CMS processed its file. Citations are the ones Care Compare publishes for each home: its last few standard inspections and its complaint inspections, so a home that was inspected more often has more chances to be cited.
  • Homes are placed in the county CMS lists for them. Puerto Rico and Guam have no county rows in our tables, so their homes count in the territory total only. Where a county has one or two homes, its figures are those homes’ figures; we still publish them, because nursing homes are businesses, but we never name a home.
  • Only Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing homes are covered. Assisted living, memory care that is not certified, and homes for people with intellectual disabilities are not in these files. There is no resident-level data here, and CMS publishes none.
  • Counts measure regulatory findings, not lawsuits, injuries or deaths. Use them as a sign of where problems are found, beside the number of older residents and the local law offices.
  • Records older than 45 days since their last check are marked stale in the files until we re-check them. Every confirmed error we fix is listed in the data corrections log.

Found a wrong value? Report an error with the record id and the source that shows the right value.

Running a firm? You don’t need the raw data: we handle your state’s ad rules for you. See where your firm stands first.

Published by Probative Growth, a marketing agency for law firms. See our services and pricing.

Free

Get your free review.

Send us your firm’s website. Probative Growth records a 90-second video of what clients see when they look you up, and emails it with a one-page summary within 2 business days. No logins, no call needed.

Not sure where to start? Answer 7 questions Ready to talk? Talk to us

Your free review: It covers your Google listing, website, phone and ads, from public information.

Step 2 of 2. Where should we send the video for your site?

We use this to send your video and to reply to you.

We use what you send to reply and to send a few short follow-up emails (unsubscribe any time). To learn which of our ads work, we tell Google, Microsoft and Meta that a request came in, with the ad you clicked (if any) and a hashed copy of your email and phone (a code the platforms can still match to you), never your message. Never sold, never added to lists. Global Privacy Control or an email to us turns this off. By sending this form you agree to our privacy policy.

See every price