Data · Mortgage lending
Mortgage applications and denials by county
How many home-purchase and refinance applications lenders reported in each county, how many became loans and how many were denied, from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data the FFIEC publishes.
What is in this dataset?
How many home-purchase, refinance and cash-out refinance applications lenders reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act in each county, state and the nation, how many became loans (with the dollar amount) and how many were denied, with the denial rate. State and US rows add the year before.
Use it to size a county's home-buying and refinance activity for real-estate, foreclosure-defense and consumer-lending work, and to spot where denial rates run high. Figures count applications, not households.
- Records
- 3,194
- Look up by
- 52
- state
- Primary-source records
- 3,194
The letters are explained in what P, S, D and U mean.
Where does the data come from?
One FFIEC HMDA Data Browser API aggregation per county and per state (actions taken 1, 2, 3; loan purposes 1, 31, 32; all loan types and lenders). Applications = originated + approved not accepted + denied; denial rate = denied / applications. State rows are the API's state aggregation; county rows sum to it except applications reported without a county.
- Period covered
- January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024
- Places
- The whole US, states and counties
- How often we refresh it
- Once a year
- Records read
- October 29, 2026
Official sources
- Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (HMDA, operated by the CFPB), by official API. U.S. government data, public domain.
The sources the records cite most
What does a record look like?
-
United States: in 2024, lenders reported 6,446,494 applications for a home purchase or a refinance; 4,985,705 became loans ($1,876.5 billion) and 1,209,661 were denied, a denial rate of 18.8%. Home purchase: 4,262,401 applications, 3,519,385 loans. Loans made changed +10.3% from 4,520,188 in 2023. HMDA 2024 data, FFIEC.
Status P · checked October 29, 2026 · source: FFIEC HMDA Data Browser API, 2024 and 2023 loan/application records (aggregations)
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California: in 2024, lenders reported 523,833 applications for a home purchase or a refinance; 406,064 became loans ($268.0 billion) and 94,716 were denied, a denial rate of 18.1%. Home purchase: 310,494 applications, 261,993 loans. Loans made changed +20.9% from 335,898 in 2023. HMDA 2024 data, FFIEC.
Status P · checked October 29, 2026 · source: FFIEC HMDA Data Browser API, 2024 and 2023 loan/application records (aggregations)
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Texas: in 2024, lenders reported 606,784 applications for a home purchase or a refinance; 450,345 became loans ($165.7 billion) and 128,714 were denied, a denial rate of 21.2%. Home purchase: 464,738 applications, 360,296 loans. Loans made changed +6.8% from 421,653 in 2023. HMDA 2024 data, FFIEC.
Status P · checked October 29, 2026 · source: FFIEC HMDA Data Browser API, 2024 and 2023 loan/application records (aggregations)
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Florida: in 2024, lenders reported 542,572 applications for a home purchase or a refinance; 397,859 became loans ($158.6 billion) and 124,095 were denied, a denial rate of 22.9%. Home purchase: 374,887 applications, 299,894 loans. Loans made changed +3.4% from 384,863 in 2023. HMDA 2024 data, FFIEC.
Status P · checked October 29, 2026 · source: FFIEC HMDA Data Browser API, 2024 and 2023 loan/application records (aggregations)
The full records add the dates, the quoted source text and every field in the CSV and JSON files below.
What each of the 9 main columns means
jurisdiction- Two-letter state code, or US
level- us, state, county or former-county
county- County FIPS code as HMDA reports it
applications- Applications with an action of originated, approved not accepted or denied
originations- Loans originated
denials- Applications denied
denial_rate- Denied / applications, percent
originated_dollars- Dollar amount of loans originated
originations_prior_year- Loans originated the year before (state and US rows)
How do I use it in my own tools?
mortgages_lookup- For one two-letter state code: HMDA applications, loans, dollars and denial rate for the state and each county.
mortgages_compare- Mortgage applications, loans and denial rates for up to 10 states side by side.
mortgages_search- County or state rows whose text matches the words given, such as a county name ("Harris County").
How to cite this dataset
You can reuse, adapt and republish this data, including commercially, under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0). The only condition is that you credit Probative and link to the source.
- Version
- 1.0.0, released October 29, 2026
- Every version
- 10.5281/zenodo.23782873 (always points to the newest)
- License
- CC BY 4.0
Download the data
- CSV: mortgage-lending.csv 1482 KB · one row per record (columns in README.txt)
- JSON: mortgage-lending.json 4971 KB · every record with its sources
Free, no email or login. The files are hosted on this site and Zenodo, a public research archive.
Suggested citation
Probative. (2026). Mortgage applications, loans and denials by county: home purchase and refinance lending from HMDA (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23782874
Credit line for a chart, table or article
Source: Probative, Mortgage applications, loans and denials by county: home purchase and refinance lending from HMDA, version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23782874, licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Not legal advice. Public HMDA figures for research and market planning; they describe applications reported by lenders, not any person's credit.
What changed recently?
- 2026-10-29 · HMDA 2024: 6,446,494 applications, 4,985,705 loans, denial rate 18.8%; counties, 50 states and DC. (source)
The full log is in changes.json.
What are the limits?
- HMDA covers lenders above its size and activity thresholds; very small lenders do not report, so rural counties can read low.
- An application counts in the county of the property. A person who applies to several lenders counts once per application.
- A denial rate on a small count swings from year to year; those rows say so.
- Connecticut reports by the county codes HMDA uses for the year, which can differ from the planning regions on other pages.
- Records older than 400 days since their last check are marked
stalein the files until we re-check them. Every confirmed error we fix is listed in the data corrections log.
Found a wrong value? Report an error with the record id and the source that shows the right value.
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