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Data · OSHA enforcement

OSHA inspections and penalties by state and industry

How often OSHA inspects workplaces in each state and industry, how many inspections end in citations and what the penalties come to. Counts and dollars only, read from the Department of Labor's enforcement files, with no employer named.

Checked October 28, 2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Not legal advice

What is in this dataset?

How many workplace safety inspections OSHA opened in each state and industry, how many ended in citations, how many violations were found (serious, willful, repeat) and the current penalties, from the Department of Labor's OSHA enforcement files (federal and state-plan), by fiscal year: the latest year and the ten-year window, for the US, every state and territory with inspections, and each state's NAICS sectors. Only counts and dollar totals: no employer, address or inspection number is in the dataset.

Use it to see how heavily a state or industry is inspected and penalized for safety violations, for example to size construction or warehouse injury demand against enforcement, or to compare a state with the nation. Look up a state: you get the state row and its industries, each with inspections, citations, violation classes and penalties. These are enforcement counts for whole states and industries, not a measure of how dangerous any workplace is.

Records
1,174
Look up by
57
state
Primary-source records
1,174

The letters are explained in what P, S, D and U mean.

Where does the data come from?

The DOL Open Data Portal publishes every OSHA inspection and citation item (federal and state-plan). The wage-enforcement pull streams those files, assigns each inspection to a state and a two-digit NAICS sector by its open date's fiscal year, and keeps only counts and dollar totals. This dataset publishes the OSHA part of those saved aggregates by state and by state and sector, and its check ties the totals back to the wage-enforcement dataset. Citations on the latest fiscal year can still be added for up to six months, so that year is preliminary. It covers the United States, every state and territory with inspections, and each state's NAICS sectors.

Period covered
October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2025
Places
The whole US, all 50 states and DC
How often we refresh it
Once a year
Records read
October 28, 2026

Official sources

The sources the records cite most

What does a record look like?

  • the United States: in FY2025 OSHA opened 68,703 inspections (42,401 with citations) and cited 133,898 violations (78,287 serious, 565 willful, 5,196 repeat) with $329,091,696.58 in current penalties. FY2016-FY2025: 687,333 inspections, 1,398,731 violations, $2,783,052,339.14 in current penalties.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: DOL Open Data Portal: OSHA inspections

  • Texas: in FY2025 OSHA opened 3,722 inspections (2,177 with citations) and cited 5,318 violations (3,850 serious, 2 willful, 255 repeat) with $24,176,619.81 in current penalties. FY2016-FY2025: 37,550 inspections, 65,388 violations, $217,171,922.91 in current penalties.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: DOL Open Data Portal: OSHA inspections

  • California: in FY2025 OSHA opened 7,069 inspections (4,583 with citations) and cited 13,663 violations (3,118 serious, 29 willful, 175 repeat) with $37,809,111.06 in current penalties. FY2016-FY2025: 72,474 inspections, 156,962 violations, $293,991,729.10 in current penalties.

    Status P · checked October 28, 2026 · source: DOL Open Data Portal: OSHA inspections

The full records add the dates, the quoted source text and every field in the CSV and JSON files below.

What each of the 21 main columns means
jurisdiction
US or the two-letter state or territory code
level
us, state or industry (a state or the US within one NAICS sector)
area
US, the state code, or <state code>-<NAICS sector> such as TX-23
sector
NAICS two-digit sector (all for whole-state rows; unclassified when the file gave none)
year
The latest federal fiscal year (October to September) in the file
fiscalYears
The ten-fiscal-year window of the 10y columns
status
P published; the latest year is marked preliminary because citations can follow inspections for up to six months
inspections
OSHA inspections opened in the latest fiscal year (federal and state-plan)
inspections10y
The same, summed over the ten-year window
inspectionsWithCitations
Inspections that ended with at least one citation
violations
Citation items issued on inspections opened in the year
serious
Of the violations, classified serious
willful
Of the violations, classified willful
repeat
Of the violations, classified repeat
currentPenalties
Current penalties in US dollars: the amount after later contest and settlement changes, as the DOL file reports it
initialPenalties
Penalties as first proposed (whole-state and US rows only)
complaintInspections
Whole-state and US rows only: inspections opened after a complaint
accidentInspections
Whole-state and US rows only: inspections opened after an accident
fatalityCatastropheInspections
Whole-state and US rows only: inspections opened after a fatality or catastrophe
programmedInspections
Whole-state and US rows only: planned (programmed) inspections
years
The yearly series (JSON only)

How do I use it in my own tools?

osha_lookup
For one two-letter state code (or US): the state row and each NAICS sector, with OSHA inspections, citations, violation classes and current penalties for the latest fiscal year and the ten-year window.
osha_compare
OSHA inspections, violations and current penalties of up to 10 states (two-letter codes) or US side by side.
osha_search
Records whose text matches the words given, such as a state name or an industry ("Construction", "Manufacturing").

How to cite this dataset

You can reuse, adapt and republish this data, including commercially, under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0). The only condition is that you credit Probative and link to the source.

Version
1.0.0, released November 1, 2026
Every version
10.5281/zenodo.23850660 (always points to the newest)
License
CC BY 4.0

Download the data

Free, no email or login. The files are hosted on this site and Zenodo, a public research archive.

Suggested citation

Probative. (2026). OSHA inspections and penalties by state and industry (DOL enforcement data) (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850661

Credit line for a chart, table or article

Source: Probative, OSHA inspections and penalties by state and industry (DOL enforcement data), version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850661, licensed CC BY 4.0.

Add to a reference manager (Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote)

Not legal advice. These are Department of Labor enforcement counts for planning. They describe agency activity, not how safe any employer is, and name no employer.

What changed recently?

  • 2026-10-28 · OSHA inspections, citations and current penalties by state and NAICS sector from the DOL enforcement files, FY2016-FY2025: 687,333 inspections and $2,783,052,339.14 in current penalties nationally. (source)

The full log is in changes.json.

What are the limits?

  • These are agency enforcement counts, not injury or fatality counts: a state with more inspections is not necessarily more dangerous, and inspections follow complaints, accidents and agency priorities.
  • Federal OSHA and the state-plan agencies both report to the file, and their penalty schedules and practices differ, so compare states with that in mind.
  • Current penalties are the amounts after contest and settlement adjustments recorded in the file, not what was finally collected.
  • The latest fiscal year is preliminary: citations may be issued up to six months after an inspection opens, and later changes to penalties are reflected as the file updates.
  • An inspection is placed in a state and industry by the establishment's ZIP and NAICS code in the file; those without one are grouped under Unclassified industry.
  • Related dataset: unpaid wages and OSHA citations by county pairs the wage-and-hour cases with OSHA by county; this page is OSHA only, by state and industry.
  • Records older than 400 days since their last check are marked stale in the files until we re-check them. Every confirmed error we fix is listed in the data corrections log.

Found a wrong value? Report an error with the record id and the source that shows the right value.

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