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Data · Deaths and migration

Deaths, births, migration and older residents by county

How many people die, are born and move in or out of every county each year, and how many residents are 65, 75 and 85 or older. The figures are the Census Bureau's own population estimates, and every state and the nation are checked against the Bureau's separate state file.

In the year to July 1, 2025, the Census Bureau estimates 3,101,603 deaths and 3,620,461 births in the United States.

Checked October 30, 2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Not legal advice

What is in this dataset?

The Census Bureau's population estimates for every U.S. county, every state and DC and the nation: deaths, births, international migration and domestic migration in the year to July 1, 2025 and summed over the five years since July 1, 2020, with the Bureau's own rates per 1,000 residents; residents on July 1, 2025 and on the April 1, 2020 estimates base; and residents aged 65 and over, 75 and over and 85 and over, with their share of all residents and the growth of the 65-and-over population since 2020. Counts only, from the Bureau's public Vintage 2025 files.

Use it to size estate-planning, probate, elder-law and guardianship demand where it is: how many people die each year in a county (the estates that may need administering), how many residents are 75 or 85 and older and how fast the older population is growing; and to see where new residents arrive from abroad or from other counties, as context for immigration and real-estate work. Agents can look up a state and its counties, compare states, or search by county name or FIPS code.

Records
3,196
Look up by
52
state
Primary-source records
3,196

The letters are explained in what P, S, D and U mean.

Where does the data come from?

The Census Bureau publishes, each March, county population totals and components of change (births, deaths, international and domestic migration) and, each June, county population by age. Both Vintage 2025 files are read in full; county counts are kept as published, state figures are the state rows (ages summed from counties), and US counts are the sum of the states. A gate ties every state and the nation to the Bureau's separate national and state file, the county age totals to the county population totals, re-downloads the three files and re-derives 50 random records.

Period covered
April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025
Places
The whole US, all 50 states and DC and counties
How often we refresh it
Once a year
The source's next release
March 2027
Records read
October 30, 2026

Official sources

The sources the records cite most

What does a record look like?

The full records add the dates, the quoted source text and every field in the CSV and JSON files below.

What each of the 37 main columns means
jurisdiction
Two-letter state code (50 states and DC), or US
level
us, state or county
area
US, the 2-digit state FIPS code or the 5-digit county FIPS code (Connecticut: planning regions)
areaName
County and state, state name, or United States
stateName
State name (United States on the national record)
year
The estimates vintage: figures run to July 1 of this year
period
The latest estimate year: July 1 of the year before to June 30 of the vintage year
status
P: the Census Bureau's own estimate
value
Deaths in the latest estimate year (the same as deaths)
population
Residents on July 1 of the vintage year
population_base
Residents on the April 1, 2020 estimates base
population_change_pct
Change in residents since April 1, 2020, percent
deaths
Deaths in the latest estimate year
deaths_5y
Deaths in the five estimate years from July 1, 2020
death_rate
Deaths per 1,000 residents in the latest year (Census Bureau rate)
births
Births in the latest estimate year
births_5y
Births in the five estimate years from July 1, 2020
birth_rate
Births per 1,000 residents in the latest year (Census Bureau rate)
natural_change
Births minus deaths in the latest year
international_migration
Net international migration in the latest year
international_migration_5y
Net international migration over the five estimate years
international_migration_rate
Net international migration per 1,000 residents (Census Bureau rate)
domestic_migration
Net domestic migration in the latest year: moves between counties for a county, between states for a state (state and county records)
domestic_migration_5y
Net domestic migration over the five estimate years (state and county records)
domestic_migration_rate
Net domestic migration per 1,000 residents (state and county records)
net_migration
International plus domestic migration in the latest year
net_migration_5y
Net migration over the five estimate years
net_migration_rate
Net migration per 1,000 residents (Census Bureau rate)
age_65plus
Residents aged 65 and over on July 1 of the vintage year
age_65plus_pct
age_65plus as a percentage of residents
age_65plus_base
Residents aged 65 and over on April 1, 2020
age_65plus_change_pct
Change in residents 65 and over since April 1, 2020, percent
age_75plus
Residents aged 75 and over
age_75plus_pct
age_75plus as a percentage of residents
age_85plus
Residents aged 85 and over
age_85plus_pct
age_85plus as a percentage of residents
years
Per estimate year (July 1 to June 30, keyed by the ending year): deaths, births, international migration, domestic migration, net migration and the population on July 1 (order in yearFields)

How do I use it in my own tools?

popchange_lookup
For one two-letter state code (or US): the state record and every county in it, with deaths, births, international and domestic migration in the year to July 1, 2025 and over five years, the Census Bureau's rates per 1,000, and residents 65+, 75+ and 85+. Ages are Census estimates for July 1, 2025; legalneed_lookup gives ACS 2020-2024 averages of the same ages, which are lower.
popchange_compare
The records of up to 10 states (or US) side by side: deaths, births, migration and residents 65+, 75+ and 85+ for each state and its counties.
popchange_search
Records whose text matches the words given, such as a county name ("Maricopa"), a county FIPS code ("04013") or a state name.

How to cite this dataset

You can reuse, adapt and republish this data, including commercially, under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0). The only condition is that you credit Probative and link to the source.

Version
1.0.0, released October 31, 2026
Every version
10.5281/zenodo.23845911 (always points to the newest)
License
CC BY 4.0

Download the data

Free, no email or login. The files are hosted on this site and Zenodo, a public research archive.

Suggested citation

Probative. (2026). Deaths, births, migration and older residents by county (Census population estimates), 2020 to 2025 (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845912

Credit line for a chart, table or article

Source: Probative, Deaths, births, migration and older residents by county (Census population estimates), 2020 to 2025, version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23845912, licensed CC BY 4.0.

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Not legal advice. These are Census Bureau estimates built from birth and death records, tax and Medicare files and survey data, not counts of court cases or estates. A death is not a probate filing: many estates pass without one. Rates and shares are for planning, not for any one person's matter.

What changed recently?

  • 2026-10-30 · Census Bureau estimates of deaths, births, international and domestic migration and residents aged 65, 75 and 85 or older for every county, Vintage 2025: in the year to July 1, 2025 the United States recorded 3,101,603 deaths and 3,620,461 births, and 7,041,036 residents were 85 or older. (source)

The full log is in changes.json.

What are the limits?

  • These are estimates, not counts of court cases: a death is not a probate filing, and many estates pass without one.
  • An estimate year runs from July 1 to June 30; the latest one ends June 30, 2025, and the five-year sums start July 1, 2020.
  • Domestic migration is the net of moves between counties for a county and between states for a state, so the national record shows international migration only.
  • State and national ages are the sums of their counties; Connecticut is shown by its nine planning regions, as the Census Bureau publishes it.
  • The Census Bureau revises earlier years with each new vintage, so figures here replace those of the previous release.
  • The residents 65, 75 and 85 or older here are the Census Bureau's estimates for July 1, 2025; the legal-need dataset counts the same ages from the American Community Survey averaged over 2020 to 2024, so its figures are lower and the two should not be mixed.
  • Records older than 400 days since their last check are marked stale in the files until we re-check them. Every confirmed error we fix is listed in the data corrections log.

Found a wrong value? Report an error with the record id and the source that shows the right value.

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